Hony Engineering Plastics Limited
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Principle Of Operation Of CNC Lathe

November 15, 2024
Principle of operation of CNC lathe
 
When using a CNC lathe, the blank material is loaded into a chuck on the lathe spindle. As the spindle rotates, the chuck holds the workpiece in place. When the spindle reaches the desired speed, a stationary cutting tool makes contact with the workpiece to remove the material and achieve the correct geometry.
 
CNC lathes can perform a variety of operations such as drilling, tapping, boring, reaming, facing and taper turning. Different operations require tool changes, which can add cost and setup time.
 
Once all the necessary machining operations are completed, the part is cut from the blank for further machining if required. The CNC lathe can then repeat the operation, usually with little or no additional setup time in between.
 
CNC lathes can also accommodate a variety of automatic bar feeders, which reduces manual raw material handling and offers the following benefits:
 
1. Reducing the time and effort required by the machine operator
 
2. Supports the bar stock to minimize vibrations that can negatively affect accuracy
 
3. Allows the machine to operate at optimum spindle speeds
 
4. Minimizes changeover time
 
5. Reduces material waste
 
CNC lathe
 
There are many different types of lathes, but the most common are two-spindle CNC lathes and Swiss-style automatic lathes.
 
Most CNC Swiss lathes use one or two spindles and one or two back spindles (or sub-spindles), which are taken care of by a rotary drive. The spindles perform the main machining operations with the help of guide bushings.
 
In addition, some Swiss lathe machining shops are equipped with a second headstock that can be used as a CNC milling machine.
 
With a CNC Swiss automatic lathe, the raw material is fed into the guide bush through the sliding head spindle. This allows the tool to cut the material closer to the material support point, which makes Swiss-type machines particularly suitable for machining slender turned parts and micro-machining.
 
Multi-axis CNC turning centers and Swiss-type lathes can perform several machining operations with a single machine. This makes them a cost-effective option for complex geometries that would otherwise require multiple machines or tool changes using traditional CNC milling machines, for example.
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